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1.
Neural Regen Res ; 17(1): 59-64, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34100428

RESUMO

Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with. Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain, there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice. Thus, a systematic review was performed to analyze the efficacy of central nervous system stimulation therapies as a strategy for pain management in patients with phantom limb pain. A literature search for studies conducted between 1970 and September 2020 was carried out using the MEDLINE and Embase databases. Principles of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline were followed. There were a total of 10 full-text articles retrieved and included in this review. Deep brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and motor cortex stimulation were the treatment strategies used in the selected clinical trials. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation were effective therapies to reduce pain perception, as well as to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients. Conversely, invasive approaches were considered the last treatment option as evidence in deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation suggests that the value of phantom limb pain treatment remains controversial. However, the findings on use of these treatment strategies in other forms of neuropathic pain suggest that these invasive approaches could be a potential option for phantom limb pain patients.

2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(1): 1-6, 1 ene., 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170277

RESUMO

Objetivo. La implantación bilateral simultánea de electrodos en el núcleo subtalámico para la enfermedad de Parkinson idiopática (EPI) se asocia a una duración elevada de la intervención, alteraciones del lenguaje y confusión posquirúrgica; además, existe evidencia de mejoría ipsilateral tras la estimulación del núcleo subtalámico. Para optimizar el manejo perioperatorio se realiza un estudio prospectivo con estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) en el núcleo subtalámico en dos procedimientos unilaterales consecutivos. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de 41 pacientes con EPI bilateral, con implantación de ECP en dos fases quirúrgicas unilaterales. Se analizan sus resultados clínicos según las escalas Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn y Yahr, y Schwab y England, así como sus complicaciones. Resultados. La edad media fue de 61 ± 7 años, 23 hombres. Cinco pacientes (12%) no fueron intervenidos del núcleo subtalámico contralateral por buen control. La media en la UPDRS motora y la Hoehn y Yahr en off farmacológico preoperatorio fue de 44 ± 14 y 3, respectivamente, y de 19 ± 8 y 1,8 a los seis meses de seguimiento. La mejoría media en la escala de Schwab y England en el preoperatorio y a los seis meses fue del 39%. Dos pacientes tuvieron confusión postoperatoria, y uno, disartria transitoria. Conclusiones. La ECP bilateral en dos etapas unilaterales fue una opción eficaz y con escasas complicaciones en nuestra serie de pacientes con EPI. El 10% de los pacientes no precisó electrodos contralaterales. Sería necesario un estudio aleatorizado en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bilateral en uno y dos tiempos para confirmar estos resultados (AU)


Aims. Simultaneous bilateral implantation of electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) is associated with long surgery time, language disorders and post-operative confusion. Moreover, there is evidence of ipsilateral improvement after stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In order to optimise perioperative management a prospective study is conducted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus in two consecutive unilateral procedures. Patients and methods. We conducted a prospective study of 41 patients with bilateral IPD, with DBS implantation in two unilateral surgical phases. Its clinical outcomes are analysed according to the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn & Yahr, and the Schwab & England scales, together with their complications. Results. The mean age was 61 ± 7 years old, 23 males. Five patients (12%) did not undergo surgery of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus due to good control. The mean on the motor UPDRS and the Hoehn & Yahr in preoperative pharmacological off was 44 ± 14 and 3, respectively, and 19 ± 8 and 1.8 at six months’ follow-up. The mean improvement on the Schwab & England scale in the pre-operative period and at six months was 39%. Two patients suffered postoperative confusion, and one of them had transient dysarthria. Conclusions. Bilateral DBS in two unilateral stages was an effective option with few complications in our series of patients with IPD. 10% of the patients did not require contralateral electrodes. It would be necessary to conduct a randomized study in patients who underwent bilateral surgery in one and two stages in order to confirm these results (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Doença de Parkinson/cirurgia , Eletrodos Implantados , Estudos Prospectivos , Núcleo Subtalâmico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(12): 537-542, 16 dic., 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158624

RESUMO

Introducción. La imagen por tensor de difusión (DTI) es una técnica no invasiva que puede ser utilizada para evaluar la integridad de la sustancia blanca cerebral. Objetivo. Investigar la utilidad de la DTI en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (ELT) y ver su relación con la lateralización del foco epileptógeno en estos pacientes. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizan 11 pacientes diagnosticados de ELT según el protocolo de evaluación prequirúrgica de nuestra unidad de epilepsia, y libres de crisis a los dos años de la realización de una lobectomía temporal más amigdalohipocampectomía (técnica de Spencer). Como parte de su estudio preoperatorio, se realiza una resonancia magnética cerebral de 1,5 T con secuencia de tensor de difusión y se estudian, mediante un análisis basado en vóxel, las diferencias en la conectividad entre el hemisferio intervenido y el contralateral. Resultados. Comparado con el hemisferio contralateral, se observó una reducción de la anisotropía fraccional estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en el cuerpo calloso, el cíngulo, el fascículo longitudinal superior, las radiaciones talámicas anteriores, la cápsula interna, los núcleos ventral lateral y pulvinar del tálamo, el fascículo frontooccipital inferior, el fascículo uncinado, el fascículo longitudinal inferior y el giro parahipocampal ipsilaterales al foco epileptógeno. Conclusiones. La caracterización de las anormalidades en la conectividad de la sustancia blanca cerebral, a través de la DTI en pacientes con ELT, puede tener un valor importante para la lateralización del foco epileptógeno en la evaluación prequirúrgica. Serían necesarios estudios con un número más elevado de pacientes para confirmar estos resultados (AU)


Introduction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to assess the integrity of the white matter in the brain. Aims. To investigate the usefulness of DTI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to observe its relationship with lateralisation of the epileptogenic focus in these patients. Patients and methods. We analysed 11 patients diagnosed with TLE in accordance with the pre-surgical protocol of our epilepsy unit, and who were seizure-free two years after performing a temporal lobectomy plus amygdalohippocampectomy (Spencer technique). As part of their pre-operative study, a 1.5 T magnetic resonance brain scan with diffusion tensor imaging was performed. A voxel-based analysis was then employed to study the differences in connectivity between the hemisphere that underwent surgery and the contralateral hemisphere. Results. Compared with the contralateral hemisphere, a statistically significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (p < 0.05) was observed in the corpus callosum, the cingulate, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the anterior thalamic radiations, the internal capsule, the ventral lateral and pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus, the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the parahippocampal gyrus, all ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus. Conclusions. The characterisation of the abnormalities in the connectivity of the cerebral white matter, by means of DTI in patients with TLE, can be a valuable aid for the lateralisation of the epileptogenic focus in the pre-surgical evaluation of these patients. Further studies with a higher number of patients would be needed to confirm these results (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico , Anisotropia , Liberação de Cirurgia/métodos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(7): 294-300, 1 oct., 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127347

RESUMO

Introducción. La arquitectura interna del hematoma subdural crónico (HSDC) es un factor muy importante que se debe tener en cuenta como predictor de recidiva. Objetivo. Analizar los factores posiblemente asociados a la recidiva de los HSDC, prestando especial atención a dicha arquitectura. Pacientes y métodos. Hemos revisado 147 pacientes tratados desde 2010 hasta 2013. Dividimos los HSDC en cuatro tipos de acuerdo con la clasificación de Nakaguchi de 2001. Además, hemos recogido diferentes características clínicas y las hemos sometido a análisis estadístico para evaluar su posible asociación con la tasa de recidiva de los HSDC. Resultados. La tasa de recidiva fue del 14,75% y la de mortalidad, del 4,76%. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes, el tipo de hematoma y el no usar drenaje subdural fueron factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos para la recurrencia del HSDC. Según la arquitectura interna, la tasa de recidiva fue del 36,36% para el tipo separado, del 15,90% para el laminar, del 8,82% para el homogéneo y del 0% para el trabecular. Dicha tasa fue significativamente mayor en el tipo separado respecto al homogéneo y trabecular. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes y el no usar drenaje subdural son factores de riesgo de recurrencia de HSDC. Además, la división de los HSDC de acuerdo con la clasificación de Nakaguchi puede ser útil para predecir el riesgo de recurrencia, ya que la tasa de recidiva del tipo separado fue significativamente mayor que la del resto de tipos (AU)


Introduction. The internal architecture of a chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is an important factor that must be taken into account as a predictor of recurrence. Aim. To analyse the factors that are possibly associated to the recurrence of CSDH, with special emphasis on the abovementioned architecture. Patients and methods. We reviewed 147 patients treated between 2010 and 2013. The CSDH were classified into four types, in accordance with Nakaguchi’s classification published in 2001. Moreover, we gathered different clinical characteristics and they were submitted to a statistical analysis in order to evaluate the possible association between them and the rate of recurrence of CSDH. Results. The rate of recurrence was 14.75% and the mortality rate was 4.76%. Treatment with anticoagulants, the type of haematoma and not using subdural drainage were statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. In terms of the internal architecture, the rate of recurrence was 36.36% for the separated type, 15.90% for the laminar type, 8.82% for the homogenous and 0% for the trabecular type. This rate was significantly higher in the separated type with respect to the homogenous and trabecular types. Conclusions. We have observed that treatment with anticoagulants and not using subdural drainage are risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. Furthermore, dividing CSDH up in accordance with Nakaguchi’s classification can be useful for predicting the risk of relapse, since the rate of recurrence of the separated type was significantly greater than that of the other types (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hematoma Subdural Crônico/classificação , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Drenagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
5.
Rev Neurol ; 59(7): 294-300, 2014 Oct 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25245873

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The internal architecture of a chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is an important factor that must be taken into account as a predictor of recurrence. AIM: To analyse the factors that are possibly associated to the recurrence of CSDH, with special emphasis on the above-mentioned architecture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 147 patients treated between 2010 and 2013. The CSDH were classified into four types, in accordance with Nakaguchi's classification published in 2001. Moreover, we gathered different clinical characteristics and they were submitted to a statistical analysis in order to evaluate the possible association between them and the rate of recurrence of CSDH. RESULTS: The rate of recurrence was 14.75% and the mortality rate was 4.76%. Treatment with anticoagulants, the type of haematoma and not using subdural drainage were statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. In terms of the internal architecture, the rate of recurrence was 36.36% for the separated type, 15.90% for the laminar type, 8.82% for the homogenous and 0% for the trabecular type. This rate was significantly higher in the separated type with respect to the homogenous and trabecular types. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed that treatment with anticoagulants and not using subdural drainage are risk factors for the recurrence of CSDH. Furthermore, dividing CSDH up in accordance with Nakaguchi's classification can be useful for predicting the risk of relapse, since the rate of recurrence of the separated type was significantly greater than that of the other types.


TITLE: Hematomas subdurales cronicos. Arquitectura interna del hematoma como predictor de recidiva.Introduccion. La arquitectura interna del hematoma subdural cronico (HSDC) es un factor muy importante que se debe tener en cuenta como predictor de recidiva. Objetivo. Analizar los factores posiblemente asociados a la recidiva de los HSDC, prestando especial atencion a dicha arquitectura. Pacientes y metodos. Hemos revisado 147 pacientes tratados desde 2010 hasta 2013. Dividimos los HSDC en cuatro tipos de acuerdo con la clasificacion de Nakaguchi de 2001. Ademas, hemos recogido diferentes caracteristicas clinicas y las hemos sometido a analisis estadistico para evaluar su posible asociacion con la tasa de recidiva de los HSDC. Resultados. La tasa de recidiva fue del 14,75% y la de mortalidad, del 4,76%. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes, el tipo de hematoma y el no usar drenaje subdural fueron factores de riesgo estadisticamente significativos para la recurrencia del HSDC. Segun la arquitectura interna, la tasa de recidiva fue del 36,36% para el tipo separado, del 15,90% para el laminar, del 8,82% para el homogeneo y del 0% para el trabecular. Dicha tasa fue significativamente mayor en el tipo separado respecto al homogeneo y trabecular. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con anticoagulantes y el no usar drenaje subdural son factores de riesgo de recurrencia de HSDC. Ademas, la division de los HSDC de acuerdo con la clasificacion de Nakaguchi puede ser util para predecir el riesgo de recurrencia, ya que la tasa de recidiva del tipo separado fue significativamente mayor que la del resto de tipos.


Assuntos
Hematoma Subdural Crônico/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hematoma Subdural Crônico/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
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